ABSTRACT:

Antibacterial resistance (ABR) is nowadays considered as a public global health problem, with expected mortality rate of 106 yearly by 2050. ABR happens when pathogenic bacteria are not affected to antibacterial therapy, resulting in the spread of the pathogens inside the host. Antibacterial resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a significant concern that is correlated with high rates of deaths and illness. Bacterial resistance to many antibiotics in Gram- negative and – positive bacteria can’t be treated easily and might not be irradicated by conventional antimicrobials. Resistance acquisition to antimicrobials by bacterial pathogens is one of the most critical issues that should be well studied, especially by the increasing data that indicated a very high rates, that may reach 100% of pathogenic bacteria that resist to many antibiotics in developing countries, principally in Asia and Africa. ABR has also been found that transfer of resistance genes is the main mechanism by which acquisition of resistance to antibiotics is mediated among many species of pathogenic bacteria.

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