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Volume 04 Issue 03 March 2025

Bacteriological Profile Isolated from Patients with Viral Hepatitis Diseases

¹Abdul-Hassan A. Hussien, ²Luma T. Ahmed

¹University of Diyala College of medicine Microbiology branch MDBSC

² University of Diyala College of medicine Microbiology branch Professor

DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i3n01 Google Scholar

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¹ BACHAR AMINE, ²MOUNTASSIR MAROUANE, ³MOURAFI LAMIAA, ⁴ESSAIDI ZAKARIA, ⁵EL ABBASSI TAOUFIK, ⁶BENSARDI FATIMZAHRA

^1,2,3,4,5,6Department of General Surgery, University Hospital IBN ROCHD, Casablanca, Morocco

DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i3n02 Google Scholar

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¹ BACHAR AMINE, ²MOUNTASSIR MAROUANE, ³ ESSAIDI ZAKARIA, ⁴ EL ABBASSI TAOUFIK, ⁵ BENSARDI FATIMZAHRA

^1,2,3,4,5 Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i3n03 Google Scholar

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¹ BACHAR AMINE, ²MOUNTASSIR MAROUANE, ³ BRAHMI Soufiane, ⁴ SAIDI Zakaria, ⁵ EL ABBASSI Taoufik, ⁶ BENSARDI FATIMZAHRA

^1,2,3,4,5,6 Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i3n04 Google Scholar

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¹ Safa Hasan Radhi, ² Shatha Hameed Ali Al-Hajjar, ³ Shymaa A.G. Al-hussainy, ⁴ Ali A. Al-fahham

¹ Biology Department, College of Science, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon 51013, Iraq

² Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Kufa University, Najaf, Iraq

³ Department of community Health Techniques, Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Babylon, Iraq

⁴ Corresponding Author, Faculty of nursing, University of Kufa, Iraq

DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i3n05 Google Scholar

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¹ETTAOUSSI Abdelhak, ²JAMALEDDINE Khalid, ³MAJD Abdessamad, ⁴KAMAL Khadija, ⁵BOUALI Mounir, ⁶ELBAKOURI Abdelilah, ⁷ELHATTABI Khalid

^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Visceral Surgical Emergency Department, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i3n06 Google Scholar

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^1,6Delio Tiago Martins Malaquias; ⁸José Antônio do Nascimento Neto; ²Giovana Casarini Yamashiro; ⁠¹Victoria Benicio Soares Miguel; ¹Yasmin Hammoud; ⁠¹Wellington da Silva Pereira da Cunha; ⁠³Rubens Rodrigues Tudela; ⁠¹⁠Laíza Cavalcanti Rêgo; ⁠¹Keldna Karine da Silva Paiva; ⁠⁴Julienne Fernanda Carvalho e Silva; ⁠⁠⁵Bruna Estefani Rocha de Brito; ⁠¹Samantha Regina Galo Sanches; ⁠¹Erica Miriam Fernandes Miranda Vao; ⁠ ⁠¹José Cloves Alves de Souza Filho; ⁠⁠²Jaqueline de Carvalho Ferreira; ⁠⁠²Beatriz Randone Pereira; ⁠^1,7Juliana Fontes Beltran Paschoal; ⁠⁹Fernanda Teixeira Borges; ⁠¹⁰Thais Pinheiro Meira Barbosa; ⁠¹¹Adriana Pagno; ⁠¹²Thiago Augusto Rochetti Bezerra

¹Medical student – University of Ribeirão Preto – UNAERP – Guarujá/SP, Brazil.

²Medical student – Nove de Julho University – UNINOVE – São Bernardo do Campo/SP, Brazil.

³Medical student – Universidade São Judas Tadeu- USJ – Cubatão/SP, Brazil.

⁴Medical student – Universidad de La Integración de Las Américas – UNIDA Ciudad del Este/ Py.

⁵Medical student – Centro Universitário Univértix- Matipó-MG, Brazil.

⁶Graduated in Physiotherapy from the University of Mogi das Cruzes; Postgraduate in Respiratory Physiotherapy and Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology from the University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Hospital Physiotherapy, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health. Salvador/BA, Brazil.

⁷PhD in Biotechnology. University of São Paulo (USP). São Paulo, Brazil.

⁸Medical student – Central University of Paraguay – Ciudad del Este/Py.

⁹Lecturer, Cruzeiro do Sul University, MSc and PhD from the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.

¹⁰Medical doctor. Petrópolis Medical School. Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil.

¹¹Medical student – University of Southern Santa Catarina, Brazil.

¹²Phd. in Medical Sciences. Ribeirão Preto Medical Faculty SP, Brazil.

DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i3n07 Google Scholar

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¹Noor Alhouda Mohammed Alghazzawi, ²Dr. Hassan Al Khouri, ³Dr. Bachar Alazzam

^1,2,3faculty of pharmacy Aljazeera private university. Syria

DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i3n08 Google Scholar

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¹Nyilo Purnami, ¹Makhmudyah Indri Cahyani, ²Yolanda Prisita Wardhani, ²Verliana Floyani Uly, ¹Nanik Putri Setyowati

¹Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

²Resident Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i3n09 Google Scholar

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¹Kamal Khadija, ²Mountassir Marouane, ³Barigou Youssef, ⁴Majd Abdessamad, ⁵Bouali Mounir, ⁶Elbakouri Abdelillah, ⁷El Hattabi Khalid, ⁸Bensardi Fatimazahra, ⁹Fadil Abdelaziz

^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i3n10 Google Scholar

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¹Fitra Hergyana, ²Nunung Nurhayati, ³Ima Amaliah

^1,2,3Doctor of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Bandung

DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i3n11 Google Scholar

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¹Anthony Emeka Aguodo, ^1,2Peter Uwadiegwu Achukwu, ²Victor Stephen Njom, ^1,3Alphonsus Ogbonna Ogbuabor

¹Department of Hematology and Immunology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria

^1,2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria.

²Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.

^1,3Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria

DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i3n12 Google Scholar

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¹Dr. Bambang Arianto, ²Een Hendarsih, ³Arviana DWI Listyowati

¹Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Haji General Hospital Haji Surabaya, Indonesia.

²Department of Internal Medicine, Haji General Hospital Surabaya

³Faculty of Medicine Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Correspondence: Dr. Bambang Arianto

DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i3n13 Google Scholar

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¹BACHAR Amine, ²JAMALEDDINE Khalid, ^3*EL MJABBER Marwa, ⁴ETTAOUSSI Abdelhak, ⁵MAJD Abdessamad, ⁶KAMAL Khadija, ⁷BOUALI Mounir, ⁸ELBAKOURI Abdelilah, ⁹ELHATTABI Khalid

^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i3n14 Google Scholar

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¹EL WASSI ANAS, ²MOUNTASSIR MAROUANE, ³BRAHMI SOUFIANE, ⁴HAJRI AMAL, ⁵ERGUIBI DRISS, ⁶BOUFETTAL RACHID, ⁷JAI RIFKI SAAD, ⁸CHEHAB FARID

^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i3n15 Google Scholar

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¹EL WASSI Anas, ²MOUNTASSIR Marouane, ³BRAHMI Soufiane, ⁴HAJRI Amal, ⁵ERGUIBI Driss, ⁶BOUFETTAL Rachid, ⁷JAI RIFKI Saad, ⁸CHEHAB Farid

^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i3n16 Google Scholar

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¹Nurbaiti, ²Yuni Sari

^1,2Department of Midwifery, Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia

DOI: 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i3n17 Google Scholar

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Volume 04 Issue 03 March 2025

1Abdul-Hassan A. Hussien, 2Luma T. Ahmed

1University of Diyala College of medicine Microbiology branch MDBSC

2 University of Diyala College of medicine Microbiology branch Professor

1 BACHAR AMINE, 2MOUNTASSIR MAROUANE, 3MOURAFI LAMIAA, 4ESSAIDI ZAKARIA, 5EL ABBASSI TAOUFIK, 6BENSARDI FATIMZAHRA

1,2,3,4,5,6Department of General Surgery, University Hospital IBN ROCHD, Casablanca, Morocco

1 BACHAR AMINE, 2MOUNTASSIR MAROUANE, 3 ESSAIDI ZAKARIA, 4 EL ABBASSI TAOUFIK, 5 BENSARDI FATIMZAHRA

1,2,3,4,5 Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

1 BACHAR AMINE, 2MOUNTASSIR MAROUANE, 3 BRAHMI Soufiane, 4 SAIDI Zakaria, 5 EL ABBASSI Taoufik, 6 BENSARDI FATIMZAHRA

1,2,3,4,5,6 Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

1 Safa Hasan Radhi, 2 Shatha Hameed Ali Al-Hajjar, 3 Shymaa A.G. Al-hussainy, 4 Ali A. Al-fahham

1 Biology Department, College of Science, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon 51013, Iraq

2 Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Kufa University, Najaf, Iraq

3 Department of community Health Techniques, Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Babylon, Iraq

4 Corresponding Author, Faculty of nursing, University of Kufa, Iraq

1ETTAOUSSI Abdelhak, 2JAMALEDDINE Khalid, 3MAJD Abdessamad, 4KAMAL Khadija, 5BOUALI Mounir, 6ELBAKOURI Abdelilah, 7ELHATTABI Khalid

1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Visceral Surgical Emergency Department, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

1Medical student – University of Ribeirão Preto – UNAERP – Guarujá/SP, Brazil.

2Medical student – Nove de Julho University – UNINOVE – São Bernardo do Campo/SP, Brazil.

3Medical student – Universidade São Judas Tadeu- USJ – Cubatão/SP, Brazil.

4Medical student – Universidad de La Integración de Las Américas – UNIDA Ciudad del Este/ Py.

5Medical student – Centro Universitário Univértix- Matipó-MG, Brazil.

6Graduated in Physiotherapy from the University of Mogi das Cruzes; Postgraduate in Respiratory Physiotherapy and Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology from the University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Hospital Physiotherapy, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health. Salvador/BA, Brazil.

7PhD in Biotechnology. University of São Paulo (USP). São Paulo, Brazil.

8Medical student – Central University of Paraguay – Ciudad del Este/Py.

9Lecturer, Cruzeiro do Sul University, MSc and PhD from the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.

10Medical doctor. Petrópolis Medical School. Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil.

11Medical student – University of Southern Santa Catarina, Brazil.

12Phd. in Medical Sciences. Ribeirão Preto Medical Faculty SP, Brazil.

1Noor Alhouda Mohammed Alghazzawi, 2Dr. Hassan Al Khouri, 3Dr. Bachar Alazzam

1,2,3faculty of pharmacy Aljazeera private university. Syria

1Nyilo Purnami, 1Makhmudyah Indri Cahyani, 2Yolanda Prisita Wardhani, 2Verliana Floyani Uly, 1Nanik Putri Setyowati

1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

2Resident Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

1Kamal Khadija, 2Mountassir Marouane, 3Barigou Youssef, 4Majd Abdessamad, 5Bouali Mounir, 6Elbakouri Abdelillah, 7El Hattabi Khalid, 8Bensardi Fatimazahra, 9Fadil Abdelaziz

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

1Fitra Hergyana, 2Nunung Nurhayati, 3Ima Amaliah

1,2,3Doctor of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Bandung

1Anthony Emeka Aguodo, 1,2Peter Uwadiegwu Achukwu, 2Victor Stephen Njom, 1,3Alphonsus Ogbonna Ogbuabor

1Department of Hematology and Immunology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria

1,2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria.

2Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.

1,3Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria

1Dr. Bambang Arianto, 2Een Hendarsih, 3Arviana DWI Listyowati

1Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Haji General Hospital Haji Surabaya, Indonesia.

2Department of Internal Medicine, Haji General Hospital Surabaya

3Faculty of Medicine Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Correspondence: Dr. Bambang Arianto

1BACHAR Amine, 2JAMALEDDINE Khalid, 3*EL MJABBER Marwa, 4ETTAOUSSI Abdelhak, 5MAJD Abdessamad, 6KAMAL Khadija, 7BOUALI Mounir, 8ELBAKOURI Abdelilah, 9ELHATTABI Khalid

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

1EL WASSI ANAS, 2MOUNTASSIR MAROUANE, 3BRAHMI SOUFIANE, 4HAJRI AMAL, 5ERGUIBI DRISS, 6BOUFETTAL RACHID, 7JAI RIFKI SAAD, 8CHEHAB FARID

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

1EL WASSI Anas, 2MOUNTASSIR Marouane, 3BRAHMI Soufiane, 4HAJRI Amal, 5ERGUIBI Driss, 6BOUFETTAL Rachid, 7JAI RIFKI Saad, 8CHEHAB Farid

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

1Nurbaiti, 2Yuni Sari

1,2Department of Midwifery, Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia

Author’s Desk

Archives

¹Abdul-Hassan A. Hussien, ²Luma T. Ahmed

¹University of Diyala College of medicine Microbiology branch MDBSC

² University of Diyala College of medicine Microbiology branch Professor

¹ BACHAR AMINE, ²MOUNTASSIR MAROUANE, ³MOURAFI LAMIAA, ⁴ESSAIDI ZAKARIA, ⁵EL ABBASSI TAOUFIK, ⁶BENSARDI FATIMZAHRA

^1,2,3,4,5,6Department of General Surgery, University Hospital IBN ROCHD, Casablanca, Morocco

¹ BACHAR AMINE, ²MOUNTASSIR MAROUANE, ³ ESSAIDI ZAKARIA, ⁴ EL ABBASSI TAOUFIK, ⁵ BENSARDI FATIMZAHRA

^1,2,3,4,5 Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

¹ BACHAR AMINE, ²MOUNTASSIR MAROUANE, ³ BRAHMI Soufiane, ⁴ SAIDI Zakaria, ⁵ EL ABBASSI Taoufik, ⁶ BENSARDI FATIMZAHRA

^1,2,3,4,5,6 Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

¹ Safa Hasan Radhi, ² Shatha Hameed Ali Al-Hajjar, ³ Shymaa A.G. Al-hussainy, ⁴ Ali A. Al-fahham

¹ Biology Department, College of Science, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon 51013, Iraq

² Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Kufa University, Najaf, Iraq

³ Department of community Health Techniques, Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Babylon, Iraq

⁴ Corresponding Author, Faculty of nursing, University of Kufa, Iraq

¹ETTAOUSSI Abdelhak, ²JAMALEDDINE Khalid, ³MAJD Abdessamad, ⁴KAMAL Khadija, ⁵BOUALI Mounir, ⁶ELBAKOURI Abdelilah, ⁷ELHATTABI Khalid

^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Visceral Surgical Emergency Department, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

¹Medical student – University of Ribeirão Preto – UNAERP – Guarujá/SP, Brazil.

²Medical student – Nove de Julho University – UNINOVE – São Bernardo do Campo/SP, Brazil.

³Medical student – Universidade São Judas Tadeu- USJ – Cubatão/SP, Brazil.

⁴Medical student – Universidad de La Integración de Las Américas – UNIDA Ciudad del Este/ Py.

⁵Medical student – Centro Universitário Univértix- Matipó-MG, Brazil.

⁶Graduated in Physiotherapy from the University of Mogi das Cruzes; Postgraduate in Respiratory Physiotherapy and Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology from the University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Hospital Physiotherapy, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health. Salvador/BA, Brazil.

⁷PhD in Biotechnology. University of São Paulo (USP). São Paulo, Brazil.

⁸Medical student – Central University of Paraguay – Ciudad del Este/Py.

⁹Lecturer, Cruzeiro do Sul University, MSc and PhD from the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.

¹⁰Medical doctor. Petrópolis Medical School. Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil.

¹¹Medical student – University of Southern Santa Catarina, Brazil.

¹²Phd. in Medical Sciences. Ribeirão Preto Medical Faculty SP, Brazil.

¹Noor Alhouda Mohammed Alghazzawi, ²Dr. Hassan Al Khouri, ³Dr. Bachar Alazzam

^1,2,3faculty of pharmacy Aljazeera private university. Syria

¹Nyilo Purnami, ¹Makhmudyah Indri Cahyani, ²Yolanda Prisita Wardhani, ²Verliana Floyani Uly, ¹Nanik Putri Setyowati

¹Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

²Resident Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

¹Kamal Khadija, ²Mountassir Marouane, ³Barigou Youssef, ⁴Majd Abdessamad, ⁵Bouali Mounir, ⁶Elbakouri Abdelillah, ⁷El Hattabi Khalid, ⁸Bensardi Fatimazahra, ⁹Fadil Abdelaziz

^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

¹Fitra Hergyana, ²Nunung Nurhayati, ³Ima Amaliah

^1,2,3Doctor of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Bandung

¹Anthony Emeka Aguodo, ^1,2Peter Uwadiegwu Achukwu, ²Victor Stephen Njom, ^1,3Alphonsus Ogbonna Ogbuabor

¹Department of Hematology and Immunology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria

^1,2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria.

²Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.

^1,3Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria

¹Dr. Bambang Arianto, ²Een Hendarsih, ³Arviana DWI Listyowati

¹Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Haji General Hospital Haji Surabaya, Indonesia.

²Department of Internal Medicine, Haji General Hospital Surabaya

³Faculty of Medicine Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

¹BACHAR Amine, ²JAMALEDDINE Khalid, ^3*EL MJABBER Marwa, ⁴ETTAOUSSI Abdelhak, ⁵MAJD Abdessamad, ⁶KAMAL Khadija, ⁷BOUALI Mounir, ⁸ELBAKOURI Abdelilah, ⁹ELHATTABI Khalid

^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

¹EL WASSI ANAS, ²MOUNTASSIR MAROUANE, ³BRAHMI SOUFIANE, ⁴HAJRI AMAL, ⁵ERGUIBI DRISS, ⁶BOUFETTAL RACHID, ⁷JAI RIFKI SAAD, ⁸CHEHAB FARID

^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

¹EL WASSI Anas, ²MOUNTASSIR Marouane, ³BRAHMI Soufiane, ⁴HAJRI Amal, ⁵ERGUIBI Driss, ⁶BOUFETTAL Rachid, ⁷JAI RIFKI Saad, ⁸CHEHAB Farid

^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}Department of general surgery, IBN ROCHD University hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

¹Nurbaiti, ²Yuni Sari

^1,2Department of Midwifery, Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia