ABSTRACT: 

Oral pathogenic bacterial species have a direct impact the pathology of tooth decay and gum disease. Oral pathogenic bacteria engage in negative cooperation with the host by exchanging information, immunological responses, and metabolic status through bidirectional communication between the systemic organs and mouth cavity. The oral cavity serves as a crucial interface between the human body and the surrounding environment. The microbial compositions in different regions of the oral cavity vary due to the distinct microenvironments present. These microenvironments are influenced by a combination of intricate signals, hosts, and external ecological factors. This review highlights the causative bacterial agents that are responsible for adult periodontitis.

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