ABSTRACT: 

Cytokines are immune cell messengers. They are small proteins secreted by various cells, exerting very potent immunomodulatory and inflammatory effects. The diversity of their functions reveals their importance in healthy and pathological processes, including atherosclerosis, cancer, osteoarthritis, infectious diseases, and metabolic diseases. Currently, an important pathogenic factor for many severe diseases, especially infectious ones (such as COVID-19) is the cytokine storm. Only a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved, combined with innovative therapeutics, will allow us to improve patient outcomes and intervene effectively. More research is still needed to bridge the many current knowledge gaps, improve treatment, and enhance care for patients in times of infectious disease crises. It focuses on recently available evidence on the cytokine storm mechanisms, outcomes, and possible treatment options concerning COVID-19 patients.

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