ABSTRACT: 

Background: Neem (Azadiractha indica A. Juss) as a tropical and subtropical plant has been widely used in traditional medicine since prehistoric times. Several biological activities, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, have been demonstrated in Neem extract.
Aim: The study aims to research was carried out on the physicochemical properties of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) using ethyl acetate and n-hexane as solvents.
Methode: In this study, Azadiractha indica A. Juss leaves was extracted using a maceration method with two fluids namely ethyl acetate a n-hexane. The extract based on six parameters from determining physicochemical properties, namely % yield, organoleptic, determination of dissolved compound levels, phytochemical screening, determination of drying Shrinkage and determination of specific weight.
Result : The results of this study showed, the yield obtained for each solvent is 6.218% ethyl acetate extract and 0.968 % n-hexane extract. Organoleptic examination (form, colour, smell and flavor) for ethyl acetate extract was thick, blackish green, distinctive smell and bitter, and than n-hexan extract was thick, brownish yellow, odorless and bitter. In the ethyl acetate extract, the levels of compounds dissolved in water and ethanol solvents were 16.84 % ± 0.061 and 68.29 % ± 0.042 respectively. The levels of compounds in the n-hexane extract dissolved in water and ethanol were 4.26% ± 0.064 and 23.18% ± 0.049, respectively. The results of the phytochemical screening for ethyl acetate extract of neem leaves are alkaloids and flavonoids. Meanwhile, n-Hexane extract from neem leaves contains alkaloids and terpenoids. The drying loss values obtained from ethyl acetate extract and n-Hexan extract of neem leaves were 4.748% ± 0.257 and 5.219% ± 0.089. Specific gravity obtained from The dilution of ethyl acetate extract and n-hexane extract of neem leaves was 1.0389 g/mL ± 0.039 and 1.0289 g/mL ± 0.038.
Conclusion: This study showed that variations in solvents in extraction can affect the physicochemical properties. The extract with ethyl acetate solvent showed better physicochemical properties where the extract obtained in % yield, soluble compound content, phytochemical screening, determination of drying Shrinkage and determination of specific weight was better compared to the extract with n-hexane.

KEYWORDS:

Azadiractha indica A. Juss, Neem Leaf, Physicochemical Determination

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