Phytochemical Profile and Toxicity Testing of African Leaf Extract (Vernonia Amygdalina Delile) with Liquid Variation Scavenger Method Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)

¹Yuri Pratiwi Utami, ²Imrawati Imrawati, ³Putri Indah Lestari

¹Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almarisah Madani, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

²Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almarisah Madani, Indonesia.

³Bachelor of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almarisah Madani, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

DOI : 10.58806/ijhmr.2023.v2i10n06

ABSTRACT:

Background: The African leaf (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) is one of the plants used as a traditional medicine, one of which is anti-cancer. Aim: The study aims to identify compound groups, toxic effects and LC50 values of African leaf extracts with variations in the leaf fluid.
Method: In this study, African leaves were extracted using a maseration method with three fluids namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol. The extract was qualitatively studied by the group of chemical compounds and toxicity tests were conducted using the method of Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. (BSLT).
Result: The results of this study showed that n-hexane extract contains flavonoid and glycoside compounds. Ethyl acetate extract has a flavonoid compound, saponins and glucosides. The results of a linear regression analysis showed that 70% ethanol extract was an extract with the highest LC50value with a LC50 value of 31.80 ppm, an ethyl acetate extracts with LC50 values of 51.70 ppm and n-hexane extracts with LC50, with a 91.88 ppm value of LC50.
Conclusion: This study showed that the three extracts included a strong toxic ketegori with a range of 0-100 ppm.

KEYWORDS:

Vernonia amygdalina Delile, African Leaf, Toxicity, BSLT.

REFERENCES :

1) Depkes RI, Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat. Jakarta: Derektorat Jendral Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan :, 2000.
2) Hariana A, Tumbuhan Obat dan Khasiatnya. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya Grup, 2013.
3) Kharimah, N.Z., Lukmayani, Y, and Syafnir, L, “Identifikasi Senyawa Flavonoid pada Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina, Del),” Pros. Farm. 22703-709, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 703–709, 2016.
4) Arnanda, B, “Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) Dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT).,” STIKes Kharisma Persada Tangerang Selatan, 2018.
5) Ganora L, “Solubility of Herbal Constituents,.” Herbal Constituents : Boulder., 2011.
6) Meyer, U.N, N.R., Ferigni, J.E., Putnam, Ja Cobsen, D.E., Nichols, and J.L., Melaughlin, “Brine shrimp: A Covenient General Bioassay for Active Plant Constituent,” Planta Med. 4531-34, vol. 45, pp. 31–34, 1982.
7) G. Alam, P. Astuti, S. Wahyuono, D. Sari, and M. Hamman, “STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF BIOACTIVE ALKALOID COMPOUNDS ISOLATED FROM SPONGE Petrosia sp COLLECTED FROM BUNAKEN BAY MENADO,” Indones. J. Chem., vol. 5, pp. 177–181, Jun. 2010, doi: 10.22146/ijc.21828.
8) Prasetyo, MS and Entang I, Pengelolaan Budidaya Tanaman Obat-Obatan (Bahan Simplisia). Bengkulu: UNIB, 2013.
9) Y. P. Utami, F. Mubarak, and N. F. Rahman, “Variasi Teknik Pengeringan Daun Tekelan (Chromolaena odorata L.) Mempengaruhi Aktivitas Antioksidan: Penelitian Laboratorium dengan Metode ABTS,” Health Inf. J. Penelit., vol. 15, no. 2, Art. no. 2, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.36990/hijp.v15i2.775.
10) Kurniawati, E, “Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Tunas Bambu Apus Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus Secara In Vitro,” Univ. Airlangga Surabaya, 2015.
11) Harbone, Metode Fitokimia: Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan. Bandung: ITB, 1996.
12) Y. P. Utami, “POTENSI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN ANDONG MERAH (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Cheval) SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN PENANGKAL RADIKAL DPPH,” J. Farm. MedicaPharmacy Med. J. PMJ, vol. 4, no. 1, Art. no. 1, Jul. 2021,

doi: 10.35799/pmj.4.1.2021.34521.
13) Agus, G., Teknologi Bahan Alam. Bandung: ITB, 2007.
14) [Depkes RI, Farmakope Herbal Indonesia Edisi l. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan RI, 2008.
15) Mudjiman, A., Makanan Ikan. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya, 1991.
16) G. Delbes, B. F. Hales, and B. Robaire, “Toxicants and human sperm chromatin integrity,” Mol. Hum. Reprod., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 14–22, Jan. 2010,

doi: 10.1093/molehr/gap087.
17) Nguta, J.M and Mbaria J.M, “Evaluation of Acute Toxicity of Crute Plant Extracts from Kenyan Biodi-versity using Brine Schrimp.” Artemia salina L. (Artemidae)., 2012.
18) Woo, H. and et.al, “Dietary Flavonoid Intake and Risk of Stomach and Colorectal Cancer,” World J. Gastroenterol., vol. 7, pp. 1011–1019, 2013.
19) Permatasari, G. A. A. A, Besung I. N. K., and Mahatmi H, “Daya Hambat Perasan Daun Sirsak Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli,” Indones. Med. Veterinus, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 162–169, 2013.
20) Cahyadi, R, “Uji toksisitas akut ekstrak etanol buah pare (Momordica charantia L) Terhadap larva Artemia salina Leachdengan metode Brine shrimp lethality test (BST),.” Universitas Dipenogoro Repository, 5: 1-8., 2009.