ABSTRACT

The present study aims to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using a green and environmentally friendly approach with propolis and pomegranate peel extracts as natural reducing and stabilizing agents. The synthesized nanoparticles will be characterized using various analytical techniques, including UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), to determine their optical, structural, morphological, and physicochemical properties. The antibacterial activity of the prepared nanoparticles will be evaluated against two clinically significant bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative), using standard microbiological assays. The study is expected to demonstrate that green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles coated with natural bioactive compounds exhibit enhanced antibacterial efficacy compared with conventional ZnO nanoparticles. This eco-friendly strategy may provide a promising alternative for developing novel antimicrobial nanomaterials for biomedical and pharmaceutical application

KEYWORDS 

Green synthesis; Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs); Propolis; Pomegranate peel extract

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Cite this article

Hadi, I. S. (2026). Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Propolis and Pomegranate Peel-Coated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Against Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH & MEDICAL RESEARCH, 5(8), 788-794. https://doi.org/10.58806/ijhmr.2026.v5i8n09